7种拟除虫菊酯农药对卤虫的急性毒性研究

为了研究7种拟除虫菊酯农药对美国大盐湖卤虫(GSL Artemia)的急性毒性效应,挑选18~24 h内孵出的卤虫,继续培养24 h后得到Ⅱ~Ⅲ龄卤虫无节幼体,将其暴露于所设浓度梯度的拟除虫菊酯溶液中进行24 h急性毒性实验,记录卤虫无节幼体在各浓度溶液中的死亡情况,并将所得数据进行Probit分析。结果表明,卤虫对不同拟除虫菊酯的敏感性相差较大。氯菊酯、氯烯炔菊酯、炔咪菊酯、胺菊酯、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯对卤虫的24 h半致死浓度(24 h-LC50)分别为4.68、14.82、18.12、38.21、>100、>100和>100 mg.L-1。因此,在含有卤虫的盐水环境中,应尽量避免使用毒性较高的氯菊酯,而选择使用联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯等毒性较低的农药。     

中国主要电子废物产生量估算

在分析了电子废物类型及其可能造成的主要环境问题的基础上。根据电子电器产品的销量、社会保有量以及产品寿命期等因子建立模型对我国2000-2010年间的电脑、电视机、冰箱、洗衣机、空调等5大类电子电器产品的年度废弃量进行估算。结果显示到2003年电脑年度废弃量达到447万台，总体呈增长趋势；电视机、冰箱的废弃量在2003年分别达到4229万台和976万台；洗衣机年度废弃量有一定波动。大约在2005年达到一个高峰，废弃量为1521万台；空调废弃量相对于其他家电较少，但一直处于稳步增长期。并在此基础估算了我国2003年主要电子废物中的可回收资源含量。量大而且增长较快的电子废物的处置和资源再生化将是我国电子废物管理面临的一个难题。     

我国农药工业三废治理方法

详细介绍了我国农药生产中排放的废水、废气、废渣的常用治理技术,通过改进生产工艺和回收利用减少三废的实例,以及主要品系农药生产废水治理方法选择的思路。     

单甲脒饱和蒸气压的测定和估算

用气体的法测单甲脒在１５,２５,３５和４５℃时的饱和蒸气分别为０．２０２,０．５５４６,１．９５,６．２９Ｐａ;亨利常数计算值分别为６．３０×１０＾－４,１．６７×１０＾－３,５．６８×１０＾０－３和１．７８×１０＆－２,根据Ｃｌａｕｓｉｕｓ Ｃｌａｐｅｙｒｏｎ方程求出单甲脒在常温下气化热为８９．２ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

江汉平原农村食品中农药残留研究

研究了湖北省潜江市农村６类食品中农药的残留情况,采样测定结果表明,在被检食品中有机氯农药污染普遍存在,但残留量均低于最大残留限量（ＭＲＬ）,以植物油残留量为最大;有机磷农药残留只在蔬菜中检出,检出率以根菜类为最大,叶菜类次之,果菜类和花菜类最小;菊酯类农药残留较少;杀菌剂多菌灵残留未检出。     

Protective clothing for pesticide operators: part I – selection of a reference test chemical for penetration testing

A systematic approach was taken to develop a database for protective clothing for pesticide operators; results are reported as a two-part series. Part I describes the research studies that led to identification of a pesticide formulation that could serve as a reference test chemical for further testing. Measurement of pesticide penetration was conducted using different types of pesticide formulations. Six fabrics were tested using 10 formulations at different concentrations. Three formulations were subsequently selected for further testing. Analysis of the data indicated that, when compared with other formulations, mean percent penetration of 5% Prowl 3.3 EC [emulsifiable concentrate diluted to 5% active ingredient (pendimethalin)] is either similar to or higher than most test chemicals. Those results led to choosing 5% Prowl 3.3 EC as a reference test liquid. Part II of the study, published as a separate paper, includes data on a wide range of textile materials.     

武汉市无公害蔬菜生产的问题与对策

介绍了我国部分城镇在粮食作物和蔬菜产品受化学农药等有害化学物污染简况和无公害蔬菜的研究进展。调查分析了武汉市目前蔬菜生产中农药污染的现状与问题，提出了在武汉市实施无公害蔬菜生产示范工程项目的建议和对策，并进行了讨论。     

芹菜农药残留监测结果分析

为了解芹菜质量安全现状,对蔬菜批发市场、农贸市场、超市销售的芹菜进行了农药甲胺磷、氧乐果等50项农药的专项抽样调查分析,共抽检芹菜样本213个,通过采用GB2763--2012（食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定,结果表明：引起芹菜农药残留超标的农药主要为毒死蜱、甲拌磷、多菌灵等,其中由这3种农药引起芹菜超标的比例占农残超标总批次的78．1％,芹菜质量安全状况还需进一步加强。     

Pesticide Impact Rating Index – A Pesticide Risk Indicator for Water Quality

Pesticide users, natural resource managers, regulators, government agencies and many others are concerned about the off-site impact of pesticides on the environment. Systematic methods of the assessment of potential risk of pesticides to environmental components can serve as valuable tools in decision making and policy formulation. Simple risk indicators have been developed which cover a range of scenarios such as toxicity to organisms, health of farm workers, consumer health, and residues in harvested produce. The authors have developed a software package named Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI) that outputs an improved pesticide risk indicator for water quality. PIRI is a standalone, user-friendly, platform-independent program. It can be used to (i) rank pesticides in terms of their relative pollution potential to groundwater or surface water, and (ii) to compare different land uses in a catchment or at a regional scale in terms of their relative impact on water quality. It is based on pesticides use; the pathway through which the pesticides are released to the water resources (drift, runoff, erosion, leaching) and the value of the water resources threatened. Each component is quantified using pesticide characteristics (including toxicity to organisms at different trophic levels, i.e. fish, daphnia, algae, etc.), environmental and site conditions (e.g. organic carbon content of soil, water input, slope of land, soil loss, recharge rate, depth of water table, etc.). This paper describes two case studies of the application of PIRI in Australia. The comparison of the risk assessment by PIRI on these revealed that PIRI correctly estimated the pollution potential of pesticides in greater than 80% of cases. A GIS version of PIRI is described in a companion paper in this volume. An erratum to this article is available at .     

含氯苯和对邻硝基氯苯农药废水的混凝—氧化预处理

采用混凝沉淀 -芬顿试剂氧化对含氯苯和对邻硝基氯苯农药废水进行预处理 ,探讨了不同条件下农药废水的处理效果。结果表明 ,废水经混凝处理后可去除 46 .2 %的COD ,BOD5/COD值有一定程度的提高 ;废水经芬顿试剂氧化处理后可去除 5 0 .9%的COD ,BOD5/COD值可从 0 .0 4提高到 0 .1